Noëlle Rakotondravony

Data visualizations are reaching global audiences. As people who use Right-to-left (RTL) scripts constitute over a billion potential data visualization users, a need emerges to investigate how visualizations are communicated to them. Web design guidelines exist to assist designers in adapting different reading directions, yet we lack a similar standard for visualization design. This paper investigates the design patterns of visualizations with RTL scripts. We collected 128 visualizations from data-driven articles published in Arabic news outlets and analyzed their chart composition, textual elements, and sources. Our analysis suggests that designers tend to apply RTL approaches more frequently for categorical data. In other situations, we observed a mix of Left-to-right (LTR) and RTL approaches for chart directions and structures, sometimes inconsistently utilized within the same article. We reflect on this lack of clear guidelines for RTL data visualizations and derive implications for visualization authoring tools and future research directions.

Controlling the communication of devices within a network by com- partmentalization or segmentation is one of many techniques to protect and improve the overall security of networked systems. Meaningful in- strumentation of network segmentation requires having an overview of the devices that participate in the network; only then users can seize con- trol of what devices are allowed to do in terms of communication. In this work, we consider a minimized set of network security controls (i.e. allow connections, allow in-bound-only, allow out-bound-only) that can be implemented using modern routers with built-in firewall or even Soft- ware Defined Networking (SDN) capabilities. We present Viz4NetSec, a node-link diagram for visualizing typical home user network scenarios. The visualization is integrated in an existing smart home control software and provides an interactive interface through which a smart home user can find, dynamically interact with, and isolate devices by setting SDN flow rules. The aspect of dynamicity in this paper is important as we en- vision that everyday users would reasonably need interactions to trigger configuration changes that directly change the network’s or the device’s behavior because this enabled users to configure network rules in a trial and error or ‘gamified’ fashion. Thus, dynamicity empowers adapting se- curity decisions (mostly in the sense of privacy) to their ever-changing everyday digital lives. We conclude this work with an evaluation of the proposed network visualization, discussing how home network users can use the available functionalities in Viz4NetSec to perform the isolation of devices within the network as the most simple security related task.

Information visualization and natural language are intricately linked. However, the majority of research and relevant work in information and data visualization (and human-computer interaction) involve English-speaking populations as both researchers and participants, are published in English, and are presented predominantly at English-speaking venues. Although several solutions can be proposed such as translating English texts in visualization to other languages, there is little research that looks at the intersection of data visualization and different languages, and the implications that current visualization practices have on non-English speaking communities. In this position paper, we argue that linguistically diverse communities abound beyond the English-speaking world and offer a richness of experiences for the visualization research community to engage with. Through a case study of how two non-English languages interplay with data visualization reasoning in Madagascar, we describe how monolingualism in data visualization impacts the experiences of underrepresented populations and emphasize potential harm to these communities. Lastly, we raise several questions towards advocating for more inclusive visualization practices that center the diverse experiences of linguistically underrepresented populations.

Visualizations today are used across a wide range of languages and cultures. Yet the extent to which language impacts how we reason about data and visualizations remains unclear. In this paper, we explore the intersection of visualization and language through a cross-language study on estimative probability tasks with icon-array visualizations. Across Arabic, English, French, German, and Mandarin, n = 50 participants per language both chose probability expressions — e.g. likely, probable — to describe icon-array visualizations (Vis-to-Expression), and drew icon-array visualizations to match a given expression (Expression-to-Vis). Results suggest that there is no clear one-to-one mapping of probability expressions and associated visual ranges between languages. Several translated expressions fell significantly above or below the range of the corresponding English expressions. Compared to other languages, French and German respondents appear to exhibit high levels of consistency between the visualizations they drew and the words they chose. Participants across languages used similar words when describing scenarios above 80% chance, with more variance in expressions targeting mid-range and lower values. We discuss how these results suggest potential differences in the expressiveness of language as it relates to visualization interpretation and design goals, as well as practical implications for translation efforts and future studies at the intersection of languages, culture, and visualization. Experiment data, source code, and analysis scripts are available at the following repository: https://osf.io/g5d4r/.

In this paper, we explore the design and evaluation of feedback for graphical perception tasks, called VisQuiz. Using a quiz-like metaphor, we design feedback for a typical visualization comparison experiment, showing participants their answer alongside the correct answer in an animated sequence in each trial, as well as summary feedback at the end of trial sections. To evaluate VisQuiz, we conduct a between-subjects experiment, including three stages of 40 trials each with a control condition that included only summary feedback. Results from n = 80 participants show that once participants started receiving trial feedback (Stage 2) they performed significantly better with bubble charts than those in the control condition. This effect carried over when feedback was removed (Stage 3). Results also suggest an overall trend of improved performance due to feedback. We discuss these findings in the context of other visualization literacy efforts, and possible future work at the intersection of visualization, feedback, and learning. Experiment data and analysis scripts are available at the following repository https://osf.io/jys5d/

In this preliminary work, we investigate the impact of native versus secondary language in the design, exploration, and interpretation of data visualization. We focus on bilingual speakers in Madagascar, a predominantly Malagasy-speaking country with French as a common secondary language. In a between-subjects online study, n = 14 participants answered open-ended questions on how they interact with and communicate about a data visualization delivered in either their native (Malagasy) or secondary (French) language. Results suggest that a lack of expressive terms for visualization, data, and technical terminology in Malagasy impacted participant responses, with several using French terms even when prompted to answer in Malagasy, along with differences in answer length, fluency, and conciseness.